What Do You Say Instead of "Elderly"?: A Guide to Respectful Language

According to the National Institute on Aging, using respectful and inclusive language can help combat widespread ageism. Understanding what do you say instead of "elderly" is a key step toward communicating with dignity and respect, challenging harmful stereotypes about aging.

Quick Summary

Use person-first language like 'older adult' or 'older person' instead of 'elderly,' a term many consider outdated and stereotypical; using clear, specific, and respectful terminology is key.

Key Points

• Embrace Person-First Terms: Use phrases like "older adult" or "older person" instead of the generic, often-negative term "elderly".

• Be Specific When Needed: For medical or research purposes, use precise age ranges, such as "people aged 65 and older," for clarity.

• Avoid Elderspeak: Communicate respectfully with a normal tone, volume, and vocabulary, avoiding patronizing "baby talk".

• Focus on the Individual: Address people by name or relationship when appropriate, and see them as unique individuals, not a stereotype.

• Promote Dignity: Recognizing and using inclusive language helps combat ageism and improves the self-worth and well-being of older adults.

The Problem with the Term "Elderly"

The term "elderly" has fallen out of favor for several important reasons rooted in promoting dignity and countering ageism, which refers to discrimination based on age. This word, while once common, has become imprecise, stereotypical, and can carry negative connotations. Instead of viewing older individuals as a diverse group with unique experiences and contributions, "elderly" often lumps them into a single, homogenous category defined solely by age, and often implies frailty or decline. This "othering" language can undermine a person's sense of individuality and self-worth. A European survey, for example, found that older adults strongly rejected the term, preferring alternatives like "older" or "senior".

How Ageist Language Impacts Individuals

Language shapes perception. Using ageist terms can reinforce harmful biases in healthcare, business, and social settings, impacting the health and well-being of older people. Studies have associated ageism with poorer physical and mental health outcomes, including a reduced quality of life and earlier mortality. When healthcare professionals or family members use dismissive language, it can lead to under-treated conditions or a feeling of being unheard. By consciously choosing respectful, person-first language, we can shift the narrative towards celebrating the experience and worth of older adults.

Preferred Alternatives to "Elderly"

Here are some of the most widely recommended alternatives to use when referring to older individuals and populations:

• Older Adults: This is a neutral, respectful, and widely accepted term that avoids the negative baggage of "elderly." It acknowledges that a person is an adult, regardless of age.
• Older People/Older Persons: Similar to "older adults," these terms are also considered respectful and inclusive.
• Seniors: While some older adults accept this term, others do not, viewing it as a label. It is important to be mindful of individual preferences. It is less formal than "older adults" and can be useful in certain contexts, but should not be used as a blanket term.
• By Name or Relationship: When possible, address someone by their name or a familial title like "Grandma" or "Aunt Sarah" if that is your relationship. This is the most personal and respectful form of address.

When to Use More Specific Language

Sometimes, a general term isn't enough, and greater specificity is needed to be accurate and informative. Here's when to get more specific:

1. For Specific Age Ranges: In research or medical contexts, it is best to specify a precise age range, such as "people aged 75 to 84 years".
2. When Describing a Population: Refer to "the older population" or "the population aged 65 and over" to maintain respect while providing demographic data.
3. For Person-First Language: When discussing a health condition, put the person first. For instance, say "a person with arthritis" instead of "an arthritic person". This practice emphasizes the individual over their condition.
4. When Referring to Profession or Role: Instead of a generic label, acknowledge their role in life. Examples include "older workers" or "older athletes".

Terms to Avoid vs. Recommended Alternatives

Term to Avoid	Why to Avoid	Recommended Alternative	Why It's Better
Elderly	Can imply frailty, dependence, and is often rejected by older adults.	Older adult(s)	Neutral, respectful, and acknowledges their adult status.
Senior/Senior Citizen	Can create an "us vs. them" mentality and is not universally preferred.	Older person(s), Older adult(s)	More inclusive and less likely to be perceived as stereotypical.
The Aged	An outdated, othering term that can be seen as dehumanizing.	The older population, Older people	Provides a respectful, person-first approach to population-level discussion.
Geriatric	A medical term that should not be used to describe an individual or group of people.	Older patient, Person of advanced age	More specific and avoids medicalizing a person.

Communicating with Respect

Choosing the right words is just one part of respectful communication. How you engage with older individuals is just as important. Here are some guidelines for fostering genuine connection:

• Avoid "Elderspeak": Don't use a condescending, patronizing, or overly simplistic tone of voice, also known as "baby talk". Speak to them as you would any other adult. Adjust volume and clarity only if there is a specific hearing need, but never infantilize them.
• Listen Actively: Older adults have a wealth of life experience and wisdom. Show genuine interest in what they have to say by listening attentively and asking open-ended questions.
• Be Patient: Some older individuals may process information or speak at a slower pace. Give them time to respond without rushing or interrupting. Your patience communicates respect and value.
• Mind Your Body Language: Maintain eye contact and sit or stand at eye level to show that you are fully present in the conversation. Avoid distracted behaviors like checking your phone.
• Include Them in Decisions: Talk to the older adult about their preferences and care, not just about them to a caregiver or family member. This reinforces their autonomy and dignity.
• Focus on the Person, Not the Diagnosis: Frame conversations around their strengths and identity, not their deficits. For instance, rather than focusing on a diagnosis, talk about their hobbies or memories.

Conclusion: The Power of Intentional Language

Shifting our vocabulary away from words like "elderly" is a conscious and respectful choice that recognizes the diversity and individuality within the older population. It's an act of challenging ageism and promoting dignity for all individuals. By using more accurate and person-first terms such as "older adult" or specifying age when necessary, and by practicing respectful communication, we contribute to a more inclusive and empathetic society. Ultimately, the power of our language can help reframe aging in a more positive and empowering way. For more detailed guidance, consider consulting the National Institute on Aging website.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the word "elderly" considered outdated?

The term "elderly" is considered outdated because it can be vague, stereotypical, and often carries negative, ageist connotations implying frailty or dependency. Many older adults find the term disrespectful and prefer more neutral alternatives.

What is the best alternative to say instead of "elderly"?

The most widely accepted and respectful alternative is "older adult" or "older person." These terms are neutral and acknowledge the individual's full personhood rather than defining them by age alone.

Is it okay to use "senior" or "senior citizen"?

Usage of "senior" can be debated. Some older adults accept it, while others find it creates an "us vs. them" separation. While better than "elderly," it is often best to stick with "older adult" or use a person's name for maximum respect unless you know their preference.

How should I refer to an older person in a medical setting?

In a medical context, it's best to be as specific as possible. Instead of using a general term like "geriatric," refer to "older patients" or specify an age range, such as "patients over 75," to provide clarity without stereotyping.

What is "person-first" language?

Person-first language prioritizes the individual over their condition or age. For example, you would say "a person with arthritis" instead of "an arthritic person." This helps emphasize the person's humanity.

How do I communicate respectfully with an older adult who has a hearing impairment?

To communicate respectfully, speak clearly and at a moderate pace, but avoid shouting. Maintain eye contact, minimize background noise, and ensure you have their attention before speaking. Patience is key.

Does avoiding the term "elderly" really make a difference?

Yes, using respectful and inclusive language is crucial for promoting a positive view of aging. It counters ageism, validates the dignity of older individuals, and can improve their mental and physical well-being.