The Study of a Supercentenarian's Microbiome
María Branyas Morera’s passing in August 2024 at the age of 117 concluded a life that fascinated longevity researchers. Prior to her death, a team led by Manel Esteller at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute in Spain began a comprehensive study of her biology. By collecting and analyzing samples of her blood, saliva, and stool, they hoped to find biological signatures that could explain her exceptional lifespan. Their findings, though published in a preprint and awaiting peer review, provided invaluable insights into the potential connection between a healthy gut and extreme longevity.
The most surprising discovery revolved around her gut microbiome. The researchers found that the community of bacteria residing in her intestines was distinctly different from that of other older adults. Instead of showing the typical decline in diversity associated with aging, her microbiome demonstrated a resilience and balance typically seen in much younger individuals, even infants.
A Microbiome That Defied Age
While the human microbiome generally becomes less diverse and more variable with age, Morera's was an anomaly. Researchers noted a high level of actinobacteria, a bacterial phylum that typically diminishes in older age. Most importantly, her gut was rich in Bifidobacterium, a genus of beneficial bacteria known for its anti-inflammatory properties and its presence in high quantities in the gut flora of newborns. This discovery suggests that her intestinal environment was exceptionally well-equipped to combat age-related inflammatory processes, a key contributor to chronic disease.
The Yogurt Connection and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Maria Branyas Morera often credited her daily routine of eating three yogurts for her robust health. The study's findings provide a scientific explanation for this personal observation. Fermented foods like yogurt contain live cultures, such as Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, which promote a healthy gut environment. This constant replenishment of beneficial microbes likely contributed to the high prevalence of Bifidobacterium and helped maintain her youthful gut profile. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of these bacteria are a critical factor in healthy aging, as chronic, low-grade inflammation, or 'inflammaging,' is a primary driver of many age-related diseases. By keeping this inflammation in check, Morera's gut health likely supported her immune system and overall cellular resilience.
The Full Longevity Picture: More Than Just Gut Health
While what was Maria Branyas Morera's gut health proved to be a significant discovery, it was part of a larger, holistic health profile. Her long life was also attributed to several lifestyle factors reminiscent of those found in "Blue Zones," regions known for high numbers of centenarians. Her habits included adhering to a simple, Mediterranean-style diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. These foods provide the necessary fiber and nutrients that act as fertilizer for beneficial gut bacteria, nourishing her microbiome. She also maintained a level of physical activity, such as daily walks, and prioritized strong social connections with family and friends, avoiding perceived toxic people. These non-dietary factors, which can influence stress levels and hormonal balance, also play a crucial, indirect role in maintaining gut health through the gut-brain axis.
The Science Behind Gut Health and Longevity
Modern research increasingly highlights the gut microbiome's far-reaching impact on human health. A diverse and balanced microbiome is linked to improved immune function, better metabolic health, and even enhanced cognitive function. In centenarians and supercentenarians, studies have often identified unique microbial signatures associated with healthy aging. For example, research has identified that unique gut microbiome patterns reflect healthy aging and predict survival, with metabolites produced by gut bacteria correlating with longevity markers [https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/unique-gut-microbiome-patterns-linked-healthy-aging-increased-longevity]. The findings from Morera's case support this growing body of evidence, suggesting that fostering a healthy microbial environment is a powerful strategy for extending both lifespan and healthspan.
The Gut-Brain Axis and Mental Well-being
The gut-brain axis describes the bidirectional communication system linking the central nervous system with the enteric nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies show that stress can negatively impact the gut microbiome, increasing intestinal permeability and causing inflammation. Morera’s reported temperament of emotional stability and a positive outlook likely helped minimize chronic stress. This, in turn, supported a stable and healthy gut environment, highlighting the interconnectedness of mental and gut health in promoting longevity.
Epigenetics and a 'Younger' Biological Age
Beyond her microbiome, Morera's biological markers provided further clues. DNA methylation analysis, which is used to estimate biological age, showed that her cells appeared 10 to 30 years younger than her chronological age. This epigenetic finding, coupled with her robust gut health, suggests a slower rate of cellular aging. The synergistic effect of her genetics, diet, and lifestyle, including her exceptional gut microbiome, likely contributed to this remarkable biological youthfulness.
Maria Branyas Morera's Gut Health vs. Typical Aging Microbiomes: A Comparison
| Trait | Maria Branyas Morera's Gut Microbiome | Typical Aging Microbiome |
|---|---|---|
| Diversity | Exceptionally high, similar to a young adult or infant | Decreases with age, less diverse |
| Dominant Bacteria | High levels of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Actinobacteria | Reduced levels of beneficial bacteria; shifts towards less desirable species |
| Inflammatory Markers | Associated with low inflammation | Often associated with chronic low-grade inflammation ('inflammaging') |
| Resilience | Robust and stable, resisting age-related shifts | Less stable, more susceptible to external disruptions |
Conclusion: Lessons from Maria's Inner World
Maria Branyas Morera's extraordinary case shows that while luck and genetics play a part in extreme longevity, controllable lifestyle choices can create a powerful internal environment for healthy aging. Her commitment to a simple, anti-inflammatory diet rich in fermented foods, combined with exercise and a low-stress lifestyle, cultivated a gut microbiome that was youthful and resilient. By prioritizing gut health through diet and lifestyle, we can all take steps toward enhancing our own healthspan, regardless of our genetic predispositions. Her legacy serves as a testament to the profound impact of the small, consistent choices we make throughout our lives. For those asking what was Maria Branyas Morera's gut health, the answer is a complex yet beautiful story of biological and lifestyle synergy.
