Protecting Your Health as You Age
As we age, our immune systems naturally become less effective, increasing our vulnerability to certain infectious diseases. Vaccinations provide a crucial defense, helping to prevent serious illness and complications. For adults 50 years and older, staying up-to-date with immunizations is a key component of a proactive and healthy lifestyle. This guide details the primary vaccines recommended for this age group based on the latest guidelines from health authorities like the CDC.
Shingles Vaccine (Shingrix)
Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. The CDC recommends Shingrix, a recombinant zoster vaccine, for all healthy adults aged 50 and older.
- Who should get it? Everyone 50 years or older, even if you have had shingles before or previously received the older vaccine (Zostavax).
- Schedule: The vaccine is administered as a two-dose series, with the second dose given 2 to 6 months after the first.
- Efficacy: Shingrix is more than 90% effective at preventing shingles and its most common complication, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a long-lasting nerve pain.
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Pneumococcal disease can cause serious illnesses like pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. The risk for these complications is higher for older adults. As of 2025, the CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for adults 50 and older.
- Vaccine Options: You may receive a single dose of either PCV20 or PCV15.
- PCV15 Protocol: If you receive PCV15, you should follow up with a dose of PPSV23 one year later (or as soon as 8 weeks later for those with immunocompromising conditions).
- PCV20 Protocol: If you receive PCV20, no additional pneumococcal vaccines are needed.
- Shared Decision-Making: The best course of action depends on your vaccination history and health status, so discussing options with your doctor is essential.
Annual Flu Vaccine
Influenza, or the flu, can lead to severe complications, hospitalization, and death, particularly for those 65 and older. An annual flu shot is recommended for all people six months and older.
- Timing: The best time to get vaccinated is in the fall, ideally by the end of October.
- Specialty Vaccines for Seniors: For adults 65 and older, preferentially recommended vaccines are Fluzone High-Dose, Flublok recombinant, or Fluad adjuvanted vaccines, as they provide a stronger immune response.
- Annual Necessity: Flu viruses constantly evolve, so a new vaccine is needed each year to provide optimal protection against circulating strains.
Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine
This vaccine protects against three serious bacterial illnesses. A Tdap dose is especially important for adults who have regular contact with infants.
- Schedule: Adults should get a Td or Tdap booster every 10 years.
- Initial Dose: If you have never received a Tdap dose, it is recommended to get one before continuing with the 10-year booster schedule.
COVID-19 Vaccine
Recommendations for the COVID-19 vaccine continue to evolve. As of late 2024 and 2025, adults 65 and older, and those with immunocompromising conditions, are advised to receive a second updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose. For many others, the decision is based on shared clinical decision-making with a healthcare provider.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine
RSV is a common respiratory virus that can cause severe illness in older adults, especially those with chronic heart or lung disease. The CDC recommends one dose of an RSV vaccine for adults 60 years and older. A single dose may also be recommended for adults aged 50-74 who are at higher risk for severe RSV disease.
Vaccination Comparison for Adults 50+
| Vaccine | Recommended for Adults 50+ | Key Protection | Schedule Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shingrix (Shingles) | Yes | Prevents shingles and long-term nerve pain (PHN) | Two doses, 2-6 months apart. Recommended even with a history of shingles. |
| Pneumococcal (Pneumonia) | Yes (starting at 50+) | Prevents pneumonia, meningitis, and other serious infections | Options include one dose of PCV20 or a series with PCV15 and PPSV23. |
| Influenza (Flu) | Yes (annually) | Reduces risk of seasonal flu illness and complications | Annual shot, best in fall. Adults 65+ have preferred high-dose options. |
| Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) | Yes (booster every 10 years) | Protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough | Get one Tdap dose, then a Td or Tdap booster every 10 years. |
| COVID-19 | Yes (recent updates, shared decision-making) | Reduces risk of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization | Recommendations vary based on age, risk factors, and immunity status. Consult a provider. |
| RSV | Yes (for 60+ and 50-74 with risk factors) | Prevents severe respiratory illness from RSV | One dose, recommended primarily for adults 60+. |
Conclusion
Staying current on your immunizations is one of the most effective steps you can take to maintain your health as you age. The recommendations for which vaccines are recommended for persons 50 years or older are designed to protect against diseases that pose a significant risk to older adults. The best way to create a personalized vaccination plan is to speak with your healthcare provider about your individual needs and medical history. Taking this simple step can significantly lower your risk of serious illness and help you remain active and healthy for years to come. For more detailed information on adult immunizations, visit the CDC Adult Immunization Schedule.
