How to help the elderly get out of bed? A comprehensive guide for caregivers

According to the CDC, over one-third of adults aged 65 and older fall each year, with many occurring during common transfers, such as getting out of bed. Knowing how to help the elderly get out of bed properly is essential for preventing injuries to both the senior and the caregiver.

Quick Summary

Assisting an elderly individual out of bed safely and with dignity involves a combination of proper manual techniques, strategic use of assistive devices, and creating a supportive environment to minimize risk and maximize independence.

Key Points

• Master the Log Roll: Utilize the 'log roll' technique to move the body as one unit, protecting the senior's spine and the caregiver's back.

• Leverage Assistive Devices: Use tools like bed rails, transfer poles, or gait belts to provide stable support and make transfers easier and safer.

• Create a Safe Environment: Prevent falls by removing clutter, securing rugs, installing adequate lighting, and ensuring the bed is at a proper height.

• Respect Their Pace: Allow the senior to move slowly and take breaks to prevent dizziness. Encourage their participation to foster independence.

• Communicate and Stay Calm: Maintain a patient and reassuring demeanor, and explain each step to the senior to build trust and reduce anxiety.

• Consult a Professional: When mobility challenges are significant, seek guidance from a physical or occupational therapist for personalized strategies and tools.

Understanding the 'Log Roll' Technique

The 'log roll' is a fundamental and safe technique for helping someone move from a lying to a sitting position. It is designed to move the body as a single, straight unit, protecting the spine and reducing strain on the caregiver's back. This is particularly useful for individuals with back pain or mobility issues.

Step-by-Step 'Log Roll'

1. Preparation: Position the elderly person on their back, close to the side of the bed from which they will be exiting. Ensure the path to the side is clear and the floor is non-slip.
2. Turn onto Side: Gently guide the senior to roll onto their side, facing the edge of the bed. You can assist by placing one hand on their hip and the other on their shoulder. Have them bend their knees to aid the movement.
3. Swing Legs Over: Help the senior swing their legs over the edge of the bed. This counterbalances the body's weight, making it easier to sit up. You can cup their legs under the knee to guide them.
4. Assist to Sit: Place one arm behind their shoulders and the other on their hip. As the legs swing down, use your core and legs (not your back) to help them push up into a seated position. Encourage them to use their arms to help if possible.
5. Pause and Adjust: Once seated, allow them to rest for a moment. This is crucial for preventing dizziness (orthostatic hypotension) that can occur when moving from lying to sitting or standing too quickly.

Essential Assistive Devices for Easier Transfers

Many tools are available to enhance safety and ease of transfers. Selecting the right one depends on the individual's specific needs and mobility level.

Comparison of Common Assistive Devices

Device	Description	Best For	Considerations
Bed Rails/Handles	Securely attaches to the side of the bed, providing a sturdy grip for pushing up or repositioning.	Individuals with mild to moderate mobility issues who can bear some weight.	Ensure it is installed correctly and does not create a risk of entrapment.
Transfer Pole	A floor-to-ceiling pole that provides a vertical grip. Can be installed anywhere in the bedroom.	Anyone needing a stable, vertical support to pull themselves up or pivot.	Requires a sturdy floor and ceiling for secure installation. Can be expensive.
Transfer Belt (Gait Belt)	A belt worn by the senior around the waist, giving the caregiver a secure and ergonomic handle.	Caregivers who need a better grip to guide and support the senior during transfers.	Must be fitted snugly but comfortably to prevent sliding.
Adjustable Bed	Electrically adjusts the head and foot of the bed, allowing the senior to move to a seated position with minimal effort.	Individuals with severe mobility limitations or those who spend significant time in bed.	High initial cost; requires a power source.
Bedside Commode	A portable toilet and frame that can be placed next to the bed, reducing travel distance to the bathroom.	Anyone at high risk of falling who needs to use the toilet at night.	Requires frequent cleaning and maintenance.

Creating a Safe and Supportive Environment

Beyond technique and devices, the physical space itself must be optimized for safety. A few simple adjustments can make a world of difference.

Home Safety Checklist

• Clear Pathways: Remove any clutter, cords, or loose items from the floor around the bed and on the path to the bathroom or door.
• Non-Slip Surfaces: Ensure all rugs are secured with non-slip pads or remove them entirely. Consider non-slip socks or slippers for walking.
• Proper Lighting: Install nightlights that provide a clear, unobstructed view from the bed to the bathroom. Motion-activated lights can be particularly helpful.
• Accessible Essentials: Keep eyeglasses, phones, water, and any necessary medications within arm's reach on a bedside table.
• Optimal Bed Height: Ensure the bed is at a height where the person can sit on the edge with their feet flat on the floor, and their knees level with their hips.

Managing Common Challenges and Emotional Well-Being

The process of needing help can be emotionally challenging for seniors, leading to frustration, embarrassment, or anxiety. Addressing these feelings is just as important as the physical assistance.

Strategies for a Positive Experience

• Encourage Independence: Always empower the senior to participate in the transfer as much as they are able. Ask, "Can you help me by pushing with your arms?" rather than just doing it all for them.
• Maintain Dignity: Respect their privacy and personal space. A gentle, reassuring approach builds trust and reduces anxiety.
• Stay Positive: Use a calm, patient, and encouraging tone. Celebrate small successes, like successfully sitting on the edge of the bed.
• Don't Rush: Fatigue or stiffness in the morning can make transfers harder. Allow extra time and encourage gentle stretches while still in bed, such as wiggling toes or rotating ankles.

When to Seek Professional Guidance

While these techniques can be highly effective, some situations require professional intervention. A physical therapist (PT) or occupational therapist (OT) can provide an expert assessment and create a personalized plan.

For more information on assessing and improving mobility, the National Council on Aging offers resources on evidence-based programs and fall prevention here.

A PT can work directly with the senior to improve strength, balance, and endurance, while an OT can recommend specific devices and home modifications tailored to their exact needs.

Conclusion

Helping an elderly person get out of bed safely is a critical skill for any caregiver. By mastering the 'log roll' technique, utilizing appropriate assistive devices, preparing a safe environment, and fostering a positive and patient approach, you can significantly reduce the risk of injury and promote the senior's independence. Regular communication and knowing when to consult a healthcare professional are key to a successful, long-term care strategy. Remember that prioritizing dignity and emotional comfort is just as important as the physical transfer itself.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the safest way to help an elderly person get out of bed?

The safest method is the 'log roll' technique, which involves rolling them onto their side, swinging their legs over the edge, and using proper body mechanics (lifting with your legs) to assist them in sitting up.

What assistive devices are most helpful for getting someone out of bed?

Helpful devices include bed rails for a secure grip, transfer poles for vertical support, transfer belts for a caregiver to use, and adjustable beds that can raise the head and feet to assist the movement.

How can I prevent the elderly person from feeling dizzy when they sit up?

Have them sit on the side of the bed for a few minutes before attempting to stand. This allows their blood pressure to adjust and helps prevent orthostatic hypotension, or a sudden drop in blood pressure.

How do I choose the right bed height for an elderly person?

The bed is at the correct height when the person can sit on the edge with their feet flat on the floor and their knees level with their hips. This position provides stability and leverage for standing.

When should I consider a mechanical lift instead of manual assistance?

Consider a mechanical lift if the senior has very limited mobility, their weight poses a risk of injury to the caregiver, or if the caregiver is experiencing physical strain. Consult a physical therapist for an assessment.

What should I do if an elderly person resists help getting out of bed?

Communicate calmly and be patient. Try to understand their concerns, which may stem from a fear of falling or a desire for independence. Involve them in the process and celebrate small achievements. An occupational therapist can also provide strategies for managing resistance.

How can I make the bedroom environment safer to prevent falls?

Ensure pathways are clear of clutter, use non-slip rugs or remove them, install nightlights for better visibility, and keep essential items within easy reach. The right assistive devices can also improve safety.