The evolution of terminology for older people
Over time, the language used to describe people in their later years has changed significantly. In the past, terms like "elderly" and "senior citizen" were common, but modern linguistic standards and surveys show a clear preference for less stigmatizing alternatives. Organizations like the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the American Medical Association (AMA) actively encourage the use of neutral, respectful language to combat ageism and promote a more positive view of aging.
Why "older adults" is the modern standard
Several major style guides and organizations now advocate for the use of "older adults" or "older people" when referring to the population over 65. This choice is based on several key reasons:
- Neutrality: The term is neutral and fact-based, avoiding the assumptions of frailty or dependency that can be associated with words like "elderly".
- Specificity: It allows for greater specificity when needed, such as referring to "older adults aged 75 to 84 years". This recognizes the wide diversity within the older demographic.
- Reduced stigma: It helps dismantle the stereotypes and negative connotations that have been historically tied to aging.
Comparing common and preferred terms
Understanding the differences between older and outdated terminology is crucial for respectful communication. Here is a comparison of common terms:
| Term | Connotation/Usage | Why it's being replaced | Preferred alternative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly | Suggests frailty, dependence, and decline. Often used impersonally to describe a group. | Many older adults find it patronizing and inaccurate. It perpetuates negative stereotypes of incapacitation. | Older adults, older persons, older people |
| Senior citizen | Historically used but now often considered patronizing or outdated. Implies retirement or dependency. | The term, coined in the 1930s, carries outdated associations and is widely disliked by older people. | Older adults, older people |
| Seniors | Can be acceptable in some commercial contexts (e.g., "senior discount"), but is declining in general use. | Still carries some of the stigma of "senior citizen" and is often rejected in favor of more neutral language. | Older adults |
| Elders | Preferred and culturally appropriate in specific contexts, such as referencing American Indian/Alaska Native traditions. | Outside of specific cultural uses, it can be viewed as an "othering" term. | Older adults (general use); Elders (culturally specific) |
Specific and context-appropriate language
While "older adults" serves as a respectful, all-purpose term, context matters. It is always best to be as specific as possible when describing a group of people, and to prioritize an individual's preference whenever possible.
Examples of respectful language
- Describing an age group: Instead of "the elderly," use "adults over the age of 65" or "the older population".
- In a headline: The Associated Press (AP) stylebook, while discouraged, permits "elderly" in headlines due to space constraints, but specifies against using it to refer to a group in the body text. A better choice is a person's specific age, such as "Woman, 89, assists police with investigation".
- Referring to individuals: Use a person's name or, if describing a group, use "older adults" rather than a potentially patronizing term.
Avoiding common linguistic pitfalls
Beyond outdated terms, it's also important to avoid language that reinforces negative ageist stereotypes. This includes:
- Negative framing: Phrases that portray aging as a burden or catastrophe, such as "the aging population is a catastrophe" or "silver tsunami," should be avoided.
- Euphemisms: Terms like "of a certain age" or "the golden years" can be seen as patronizing or dishonest, as if aging is something to be hidden or glossed over.
- Inappropriate comparisons: Avoid belittling statements like "something is so simple your mother can use it," which use older relatives as a substitute for "novice".
The personal dimension of language
Ultimately, the most respectful approach is to consider how individuals prefer to be addressed. As with any group, there is no one-size-fits-all term. While "older adults" is generally a safe and respectful choice, acknowledging that people's preferences vary is a sign of true courtesy. The move away from terms like "senior citizen" is not merely about political correctness but about recognizing and respecting the individual, acknowledging that many older people are active, vibrant members of society who do not conform to antiquated stereotypes.
Conclusion
Understanding what is the proper term for elderly people involves more than just swapping out a single word; it requires a mindful shift toward more inclusive and respectful language. By using terms like "older adults" and avoiding words with negative or patronizing connotations, we can communicate more accurately and respectfully. This reflects a broader societal acknowledgment that people's later years are a diverse and vital part of life, and our language should evolve to honor that reality. Continually educating ourselves on preferred terminology helps foster a more age-positive culture for everyone.
The importance of continued learning on age-inclusive language
Respectful communication is not a static concept. As society evolves, so does our understanding of language and its impact. For those in journalism, healthcare, marketing, or any field that regularly communicates about demographics, staying informed about current best practices is crucial for preventing harm and fostering accurate representation. Consulting resources from organizations like the National Institute on Aging (NIA) provides valuable, up-to-date guidance. This ongoing education ensures that the terms we use today are reflective of a modern, respectful understanding of aging.
How to respond if corrected on terminology
If an older person or a colleague corrects your language, it's an opportunity to learn. Reacting defensively is unhelpful. Instead, thank the person for the clarification and make a mental note of their preference or the correct, widely accepted term. The goal is to build respect, not to be perfect from the start. A simple apology and a commitment to use the more appropriate term going forward is all that is needed.
Resources and organizations for more information
To deepen your understanding of age-inclusive language and the issues surrounding ageism, a wealth of resources is available. The Administration for Community Living (ACL) is one such organization, which works to develop service systems for older Americans. Engaging with these resources and the communities they serve can offer a richer perspective on the terminology and respect due to older adults. It is through active learning and engagement that we can help shape a more inclusive society for all ages.
Visit the National Institute on Aging's blog for guidance on avoiding ageism in writing.
