As people get older, their immune systems naturally weaken, increasing the risk of contracting and developing complications from certain diseases. Thankfully, vaccines offer a powerful defense by bolstering the body's immune response to protect against serious and potentially life-threatening infections. For those over 65, a routine immunization schedule is a crucial part of a comprehensive healthcare plan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issues regular recommendations to help older adults stay protected against preventable diseases, including respiratory illnesses like influenza and RSV, as well as infections such as shingles and pneumonia.
Core vaccines for adults over 65
Several vaccines are routinely recommended for older adults to provide comprehensive protection against common and dangerous diseases. Many of these are covered by Medicare Part B or Part D, often at no cost.
Annual influenza (flu) vaccine
An annual flu shot is a top priority for older adults, who are at a higher risk for serious complications from influenza. The flu vaccine is formulated annually to combat the strains of the virus most likely to circulate in the upcoming season.
- High-Dose vs. Standard: For people aged 65 and older, the CDC and its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommend getting a higher-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine, which creates a stronger immune response. However, a standard flu vaccine is still a good option if one of these is not available.
Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine
The Shingrix vaccine is recommended for healthy adults aged 50 and older and provides strong protection against shingles and its complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia.
- Shingrix Series: This vaccine is administered in two doses, given 2 to 6 months apart.
- Highly Effective: The vaccine is more than 90% effective at preventing shingles.
- For previous sufferers: Even if you have already had shingles, the CDC recommends getting the Shingrix vaccine.
Pneumococcal vaccine
This vaccine protects against pneumococcal diseases, which include serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. The 2025 CDC guidelines lowered the age for routine pneumococcal vaccination from 65 to 50.
- PCV or PPSV23: The specific vaccine and number of doses required depend on your age and previous vaccination history. It is best to discuss the optimal schedule with your healthcare provider.
COVID-19 vaccines
Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccination is especially important for adults over 65, as the risk of severe illness increases with age. The CDC continuously monitors the virus and updates vaccine recommendations.
- 2024–2025 recommendations: For the 2024–2025 season, the CDC recommends that adults 65 years and older receive two doses of the updated COVID-19 vaccine.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine
The RSV vaccine is a newer recommendation for older adults that helps prevent severe lung disease. It is not currently an annual vaccine, but CDC recommendations may be updated in the future.
- Who should get it: The CDC recommends a single dose of RSV vaccine for all adults 75 and older, and for adults 50–74 who have an increased risk for severe RSV.
Tdap/Td boosters
These boosters protect against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough), which can be particularly serious for older adults.
- Schedule: After receiving a Tdap vaccine, a Td or Tdap booster is recommended every 10 years.
Hepatitis B vaccine
While universal hepatitis B vaccination is now recommended for adults aged 19–59, it is still recommended for older adults with risk factors for infection, such as diabetes. Adults 60 and older without known risk factors can also opt to get vaccinated.
Comparison of key vaccines for seniors
| Vaccine | Recommended Age | Frequency | Disease(s) Protected Against | Key Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza (Flu) | All adults, especially 65+ | Annually, by late fall | Influenza (Flu) | High-dose or adjuvanted versions are recommended for those 65 and older for a stronger immune response. |
| Shingles (Shingrix) | Healthy adults 50+ | Two doses, 2–6 months apart | Shingles, postherpetic neuralgia | Over 90% effective at preventing shingles. Recommended even if you have already had shingles or the older Zostavax vaccine. |
| Pneumococcal | All adults 50+ | Varies; based on history and type | Pneumonia, meningitis, bloodstream infections | A single dose of PCV is recommended for adults aged 50+ who are PCV-naïve. Consult a doctor on the best schedule. |
| RSV | Adults 75+, or 50–74 with risk factors | Single dose (at this time) | Respiratory Syncytial Virus | Protection wanes over time, but redosing intervals are still under consideration. Best to get vaccinated in late summer or early fall. |
| COVID-19 | Adults 65+ | Annually, potentially two doses for 65+ | COVID-19 | For the 2024–2025 season, a second dose of the updated vaccine is recommended for adults 65+. |
| Tdap/Td | Adults who haven't received Tdap, then all adults | Tdap once, followed by Td booster every 10 years | Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis | Tdap is recommended for those around infants; Td booster protects against tetanus and diphtheria. |
Important considerations
Staying informed and proactive is the best strategy for maintaining your health as you age. Vaccine recommendations can change based on the latest data from public health agencies like the CDC. It is important to discuss your immunization needs with a healthcare provider, especially if you have chronic health conditions or weakened immunity. Many recommended adult vaccines are covered by insurance plans, including Medicare Part D, with no out-of-pocket costs. However, always confirm coverage details with your insurance provider to avoid unexpected expenses.
Conclusion
Protecting yourself from vaccine-preventable diseases is a cornerstone of healthy aging. By staying up-to-date with immunizations like the annual flu shot, the two-dose shingles series, and other recommended vaccines, adults over 65 can significantly reduce their risk of serious illness and complications. Discussing your personal immunization schedule with a healthcare provider is the most effective way to ensure you receive the right protections based on your health history and risk factors. By taking these proactive steps, you can enjoy a healthier and more active life for years to come.
You can find more information on the latest vaccination guidelines on the official CDC website.
