Beyond the Number: The Nuance of Functional Age
In the past, one's chronological age—the number of years lived—was the primary metric for defining 'old.' However, modern gerontology and healthy aging research have shown this is a limited and often misleading perspective. The concept of functional age, which assesses how well a person's body and mind are operating, provides a far more accurate representation of their vitality. For example, a physically active and mentally sharp 87-year-old could have a functional age far younger than a sedentary, less engaged 70-year-old. This shift in understanding means we must look at the individual, not just the number on their birth certificate. An active 87-year-old who remains engaged in their community is a stark contrast to ageist stereotypes of frailty and dependence.
The Role of Lifestyle and Healthspan
Scientific evidence overwhelmingly points to lifestyle factors as the key drivers of how we age. While genetics play a role, they account for a relatively small percentage of our aging process—research suggests only 15% to 25%. The remaining factors are influenced by our choices and environment. This is where the concept of 'healthspan' becomes crucial. Healthspan is the period of life where an individual is generally healthy, free from aging-related diseases. For someone at 87, their healthspan is a better indicator of their quality of life than their chronological age. A long healthspan, influenced by lifelong habits, is the ultimate goal of healthy aging.
Key Lifestyle Factors for Healthy Aging
- Physical Activity: Regular, moderate exercise, like walking, gardening, or swimming, helps maintain heart health, bone density, and mental acuity.
- Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains reduces the risk of chronic diseases and inflammation.
- Cognitive Engagement: Keeping the mind stimulated with hobbies, reading, or learning new skills helps preserve cognitive function.
- Social Connection: Maintaining strong social ties is linked to better health and longevity, combating the loneliness and isolation that can sometimes accompany old age.
- Sufficient Sleep: Proper sleep is essential for the body's repair processes and is linked to overall health and longevity.
Challenges and Considerations at 87
While the modern perspective on aging is more empowering, it is also important to acknowledge the common challenges that may arise in the late 80s. Multimorbidity, the presence of multiple chronic health conditions, is common in this age group and can complicate care. Cognitive changes, sensory impairments like hearing and vision loss, and functional decline impacting daily activities are also potential concerns. Navigating these issues often requires careful management and can involve specialized care, caregiver support, and home modifications to ensure continued independence and safety.
Reframing the Narrative: From Old to 'Oldest-Old'
Gerontologists often use sub-groupings to better define the diverse experiences of older adults. A person at 87 falls into the 'oldest-old' category (generally defined as 85+), a stage where frailty and increased reliance on others are more common. However, even within this group, there is significant variability. Ageist stereotypes that paint all individuals in this category with a single brush are harmful and inaccurate. Reframing the narrative from simply 'old' to focusing on a person's abilities, contributions, and unique life story is essential for fostering a more respectful and supportive societal view of aging.
How Perceptions of Aging Are Changing
Today's 87-year-olds are often seen as more active, engaged, and open-minded than previous generations, a shift highlighted by research. The best time of life, according to many seniors, is right now, with retirement seen as a new chapter rather than a period of rest. This evolving mindset means that the term 'old' is losing its definitive meaning. Instead, we are beginning to see aging as a continuous journey of growth, adaptation, and sustained purpose. Recognizing this paradigm shift is crucial for providing meaningful support and understanding the lives of older adults.
The Difference Between Chronological and Biological Age
| Feature | Chronological Age | Biological Age | Functional Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definition | The number of years a person has lived since birth. | Reflects the physiological health of your cells and organs. | Assesses an individual's ability to perform daily functions and activities. |
| Influencing Factors | Unchangeable and constant for everyone. | Influenced by genetics, diet, exercise, stress, and environment. | A holistic measure combining physical fitness, cognitive ability, and emotional well-being. |
| Significance | Easy to measure and used for administrative categories (e.g., retirement age). | Better predictor of disease risk and mortality than chronological age. | Offers a more accurate picture of a person's overall vitality and longevity. |
| Modifiability | Cannot be changed. | Can potentially be lowered through lifestyle changes. | Can be improved through intentional choices regarding health and lifestyle. |
Conclusion: A New View of 87
Ultimately, the question of whether is 87 considered old is less about a single number and more about individual experience. Today, 87 can represent a stage of remarkable vitality and contribution for some, while for others, it may involve navigating greater health challenges. The modern understanding of aging moves beyond a simple chronological label to embrace a more holistic view of functional capacity and quality of life. This shift empowers individuals to focus on factors they can control—like diet, exercise, and social engagement—to maximize their 'healthspan' and live with purpose well into their later years. By discarding rigid age stereotypes, we can create a more inclusive and supportive society that values the unique journey of every individual, regardless of their age.
