Debunking the Myth: Viral Warts vs. 'Age Warts'
When people ask, "Is it common to get warts as you age?", they are often confusing two different types of skin growths. The classic wart, or verruca, is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These are contagious and are much more common in children and teenagers, whose immune systems are still developing. As we age, our immune systems become more adept at fighting off the HPV virus, making new infections less likely. However, another type of growth, known as seborrheic keratosis (or informally as 'age warts' or 'senile warts'), becomes increasingly common with age and can look very similar.
The Rise of Seborrheic Keratoses
Seborrheic keratoses are non-cancerous growths that appear on the skin, typically beginning in middle age and becoming extremely common in people over 60. Unlike viral warts, these are not infectious. Their appearance is often described as waxy, scaly, or crusty, and they can look as if they have been "stuck on" to the skin. They can range in color from light tan to dark brown or black. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and sun exposure are believed to be contributing factors.
Key Differences Between Viral Warts and Seborrheic Keratoses
Understanding the distinction between these two conditions is crucial. While a layperson might refer to both as warts, a dermatologist can easily tell the difference and ensure the correct diagnosis. A comparison can be seen in the following table.
| Characteristic | Viral Warts (Verrucae) | Seborrheic Keratoses ('Age Warts') |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection | Unknown; linked to genetics and aging |
| Contagious | Yes, spread through direct contact | No, not infectious |
| Age Group | Most common in children and young adults | Most common in middle-aged and older adults |
| Appearance | Rough, bumpy, cauliflower-like; often with black dots (clotted blood vessels) | Waxy, scaly, or crusty; appears 'stuck on'; light tan to black |
| Location | Often on hands, feet (plantar warts), knees | Can appear anywhere except palms and soles; common on face, chest, back |
| Prognosis | Can resolve on their own, especially in children | Generally permanent and increase in number with age |
Why Warts Can Be More Stubborn in Older Adults
Despite the decreased risk of new viral wart infections, any existing HPV-caused warts in older adults can be more persistent and resistant to treatment. This phenomenon is often attributed to a gradual decline in the immune system's effectiveness, a process called immunosenescence. A less robust immune response can allow the HPV virus to persist and establish itself more deeply in the skin, making the wart harder to clear naturally or with standard treatments. Poor circulation, particularly to the extremities, can also slow the healing process for plantar warts on the feet.
When to See a Doctor
While most seborrheic keratoses are benign and only require removal for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated, it is always wise to have a new or changing skin growth evaluated by a dermatologist. In rare cases, a sudden, rapid increase in the number of seborrheic keratoses, known as the Leser-Trélat sign, can signal an underlying internal malignancy. Furthermore, a dark seborrheic keratosis can sometimes be mistaken for melanoma, and a professional diagnosis is necessary to rule out skin cancer.
Common Reasons to Seek Medical Evaluation:
- A new or changing growth that is irregularly shaped or has multiple colors.
- A growth that itches, bleeds, or causes discomfort.
- The sudden appearance of numerous growths.
- Any skin growth that causes concern or affects your quality of life.
Treatment Options for Skin Growths in Seniors
If a skin growth is determined to be a harmless seborrheic keratosis, treatment is elective but can be performed easily by a dermatologist. Common removal methods include:
- Cryotherapy: Using liquid nitrogen to freeze the growth, which eventually scabs and falls off.
- Curettage: A procedure that involves scraping the growth off the skin after numbing the area.
- Electrocautery: Using an electric current to burn off the growth.
- Laser Therapy: Utilizing a laser to vaporize the growth.
For persistent viral warts, especially plantar warts, a doctor may suggest more targeted treatments like prescription-strength salicylic acid, immunotherapy, or in-office cryotherapy. It is important for seniors to follow medical advice and avoid self-treating, which can lead to infection or misdiagnosis.
For more detailed information on common skin conditions associated with aging, it is helpful to consult resources from a reputable medical institution, such as Cedars-Sinai's guide to Seborrheic Keratosis.
The Importance of Skin Monitoring in Older Adults
Regular skin self-exams are an important part of a healthy aging routine. Seniors should monitor their skin for any new growths, or changes to existing moles and spots. If anything looks suspicious, a visit to a dermatologist is the safest and most effective course of action. While age-related skin growths are typically benign, professional evaluation provides peace of mind and ensures that any potentially serious conditions are caught early. As the population ages, the prevalence of these growths will only increase, making public awareness and education more important than ever.
Conclusion
In summary, while older adults are less likely to get new viral warts compared to children, it is very common for them to develop seborrheic keratoses, often referred to as 'age warts.' These are non-viral, non-contagious benign growths that typically increase with age. Distinguishing between viral warts and seborrheic keratoses, and recognizing when a skin growth warrants medical attention, is crucial for maintaining skin health. Consulting a healthcare provider for any suspicious growth ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
