What is a FRAX Score?
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is a model developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help clinicians estimate a person's chance of having a major osteoporotic fracture within the next 10 years [1]. It considers various factors beyond just bone mineral density (BMD), offering a more complete view of fracture risk [1]. FRAX is a useful tool for guiding decisions about preventing and treating osteoporosis, particularly for postmenopausal women and men aged 50 and older [1].
The Two Core Percentage Outputs
The FRAX tool provides two main percentages:
- The 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture [1].
- The 10-year probability of a hip fracture [1].
Higher numbers indicate increased risk [1]. However, it's the risk category determined by your doctor that will guide your next steps [1].
Interpreting the Risk Categories
Clinical guidelines divide FRAX scores into three risk categories:
- Low Risk: Often involves recommended lifestyle changes [1].
- Moderate Risk: Requires clinical judgment to decide on the best approach [1].
- High Risk: May lead to considering medication along with lifestyle changes [1]. Your doctor will evaluate potential benefits and risks [1].
Key Clinical Risk Factors Assessed by FRAX
FRAX incorporates factors like age, sex, weight, height, history of fractures, parental history of hip fracture, smoking, glucocorticoid use, rheumatoid arthritis, other conditions causing secondary osteoporosis, and alcohol intake [1].
Comparing FRAX to Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Scores
FRAX and BMD scores have different roles. FRAX uses BMD data but is a broader predictive tool [1].
| Feature | FRAX Score | BMD T-Score |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Estimates 10-year fracture probability based on multiple risk factors. | Compares bone density to that of a healthy young adult. |
| Input Data | Clinical risk factors + BMD (optional). | DEXA scan result at the femoral neck. |
| Outputs | Two 10-year risk percentages. | A single number representing a standard deviation. |
| Best Use Case | Guiding treatment for patients with osteopenia. | Diagnosing osteoporosis and measuring bone density. |
Taking Action Based on Your FRAX Score
Discuss your scores with your doctor. They will consider your score and medical history to recommend a plan [1]. This could involve:
- Lifestyle Changes: Such as stopping smoking, reducing alcohol, increasing weight-bearing exercise, and ensuring enough calcium and vitamin D [1].
- Medication: May be recommended for high risk to strengthen bones and lower fracture risk [1].
- Fall Prevention: Your doctor might suggest balance exercises or home safety improvements [1].
For more information on bone health, visit the {Link: Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/diagnosis-information/risk-assessment-frax/} [1].
Conclusion
Interpreting a FRAX score is vital for assessing fracture risk [1]. Understanding the percentages and risk categories helps individuals and doctors make informed choices [1]. FRAX is a valuable tool for managing bone health as you age [1]. Discussing your score with a doctor is key [1].
