Current Centenarian Population in the United States
While centenarians—individuals aged 100 or older—represent a very small fraction of the U.S. population, their numbers are steadily increasing. In 2024, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated there were about 101,000 centenarians living in the country, which equates to roughly 0.03% of the total population. This figure reflects significant growth; for example, the number of centenarians grew by 50% between 2010 and 2020.
To put this into perspective, for every 10,000 Americans, roughly three are centenarians. However, this number is not evenly distributed across the country. Data from 2020 revealed regional variations, with the Northeast having the highest proportion of centenarians per 10,000 people, while states like Hawaii and Puerto Rico also boasted high rates. Conversely, Utah and Alaska had the lowest proportions.
Projections for Future Centenarian Growth
The centenarian population is on a path of explosive growth, driven by medical advancements, lifestyle changes, and the aging of the large Baby Boomer generation. Pew Research Center analysis, based on U.S. Census Bureau projections, anticipates a massive increase over the next three decades.
- The centenarian population is projected to more than quadruple by 2054, rising from about 101,000 in 2024 to approximately 422,000.
- By 2054, centenarians are expected to constitute 0.1% of the overall U.S. population.
Demographics of U.S. Centenarians
Certain demographic factors play a significant role in determining who reaches the milestone of 100. Key trends reveal a striking gender gap and differences across racial and ethnic groups.
- Gender: As of 2024, women account for the vast majority of centenarians, making up about 78% of the population aged 100 and older. This is projected to shift slightly by 2054, with women's share decreasing to 68% as the number of male centenarians increases.
- Race and Ethnicity: In 2024, 77% of centenarians were white, with lower percentages among Black (8%), Asian (7%), and Hispanic (6%) populations. Projections for 2054 indicate a change in these shares, with a decrease in the white and Asian shares and an increase in the Black and Hispanic shares.
- Living Arrangements: U.S. Census data from 2020 shows differences in living situations. Male centenarians are more likely to live with family members, possibly reflecting a higher rate of marriage at advanced ages, while female centenarians are more likely to live alone or in a nursing home.
Comparison: Probability of Living to 100
While the current prevalence rate is low, the probability of a person born today living to 100 is much higher due to medical and societal advancements. Looking at different data points helps illustrate the distinction.
| Metric | Current Centenarian Prevalence | Probability from Life Tables (2018 CDC) | Stanford University Projection (2023) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basis | Snapshot of the population at a specific time. | Based on hypothetical cohort projections. | Forward-looking projection based on current trends. |
| White Female | 77% of current centenarians. | 2.5% of white girls born will live to 100. | One in two 5-year-olds may reach 100. |
| White Male | 22% of current centenarians. | 0.9% of white boys born will live to 100. | Included in general projection. |
| Hispanic Female | 6% of current centenarians. | 5.6% of Hispanic girls born will live to 100. | Included in general projection. |
| Hispanic Male | 6% of current centenarians. | 2.2% of Hispanic boys born will live to 100. | Included in general projection. |
Note: The CDC life tables are based on mortality patterns from a specific year and do not account for future improvements. Stanford's projection is a future-focused estimate.
Factors Influencing Longevity
Researchers are studying centenarians to understand the secrets behind exceptional longevity. A combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors appears to be at play.
- Genetics: Studies like the New England Centenarian Study have found that many centenarians age slowly and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Some appear to have a genetic predisposition that allows them to live longer and healthier lives.
- Lifestyle and Environment: Factors like diet, exercise, and social engagement play a crucial role. A positive outlook, continuous walking, and strong social bonds are often cited by centenarians as keys to their long lives.
- Medical Advancements: The last century has seen significant improvements in healthcare, from antibiotics and vaccinations to treatments for heart disease, which have allowed more people to live past once-fatal conditions.
- Gender Differences: The longevity gap between men and women may be influenced by biological factors, including potential effects of testosterone and genetics, though the exact reasons are still under investigation.
Conclusion
While the current percentage of U.S. citizens living to 100 remains very small, it is a population demographic that is rapidly expanding. The factors behind this growth—a combination of improved healthcare, lifestyle choices, and genetic fortune—offer compelling insights into the future of aging. With the Baby Boomer generation entering their retirement years, the number of centenarians is projected to quadruple in the coming decades, creating both opportunities and challenges for society. The study of these resilient individuals provides a roadmap for understanding how to live not only longer, but also healthier lives. For those interested in deeper research, Boston University Medical Campus offers extensive Centenarian Statistics, exploring the subject further.
